5-axis machines rely on a tool that moves in five different directions — X, Y, and Z, as well as A and B, around which the tool rotates. Using a 5-axis CNC machine lets operators approach a part from all directions in a single operation, eliminating the need to manually reposition the workpiece between operations. 5-axis CNC machining saves time and is ideal for creating complex and precise parts like those found in the medical, oil and gas, and aerospace industries. There are a few different kinds of 5-axis machines that product teams should be aware of, including indexed 5-axis CNC machines, continuous 5-axis CNC machines, and mill-turning CNC centers.

Like 3-axis CNC milling, the cutting tool only moves along three axes and doesn’t maintain continuous contact with the workpiece in indexed 5-axis CNC machining. However, the machining table and tool head can automatically swivel in two directions between operations. Indexed 5-axis machining is great for manufacturing housings, jigs and fixtures. It falls somewhere between 3-axis CNC milling and continuous 5-axis CNC machining in terms of speed, precision, and the ability to handle complex geometries.

In continuous 5-axis CNC machining, the cutting tool and the workpiece can rotate and move simultaneously during operation, saving time and allowing operators to manufacture intricate geometries with organic surfaces. Continuous 5-axis CNC machining offers improved surface finish, speed, and dimensional stability, but it has the highest cost-per-part.

Turning mill CNC centers are practically identical to CNC turning machines, with one exception — they’re equipped with CNC milling equipment. The workpiece is attached to a spindle that can either rotate or remain stationary while cutting tools remove material from it. By combining the elements of CNC lathe machines with milling tools, mill-turning CNC centers offer high levels of accuracy and geometric versatility, making them great for creating parts with loose rotational symmetries, such as camshafts or centrifugal compressors.

Not only do these types of 5-axis CNC milling machines offer greater accuracy when machining deeper parts and hardened materials, but they also offer higher yields and faster machining speeds. However, 5-axis machining is more expensive due to the specialized equipment necessary and the need for expert workers.